Better to view it on a wide screen. It's all about cyrillic characters: ¨¸ comparing to Åå and Éé comparing to Èè characters (first code is cp1251): å 0xE5 = U+0435 : CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE Å 0xC5 = U+0415 : CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE ¸ 0xB8 = U+0451 : CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO ¨ 0xA8 = U+0401 : CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO è 0xE8 = U+0438 : CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I È 0xC8 = U+0418 : CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I é 0xE9 = U+0439 : CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I É 0xC9 = U+0419 : CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I from http://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1251.TXT I compare several collations in cp1251 and utf8 character sets. SQL SELECT looks like (cp1251 hex codes): select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; B8 A8 E9 C9 7A 5A E5 B8 E8 E9 C8 C9 E5 B8 C5 A8 E8 E9 A8 B8 C9 E9 C1 E1 4C 6C Compare case sensitive collations --------------------------------- mysql> set names cp1251 collate cp1251_general_cs; mysql> select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | '¸' = '¨' | 'é' = 'É' | 'z' = 'Z' | 'å' = '¸' | 'è' = 'é' | 'È' = 'É' | 'å' >= '¸' | 'Å' = '¨' | 'è' > 'é' | '¨' > '¸' | 'É' > 'é' | 'Á' > 'á' | 'L' > 'l' | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Correct mysql> set names utf8 collate utf8_bin; mysql> select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | '¸' = '¨' | 'é' = 'É' | 'z' = 'Z' | 'å' = '¸' | 'è' = 'é' | 'È' = 'É' | 'å' >= '¸' | 'Å' = '¨' | 'è' > 'é' | '¨' > '¸' | 'É' > 'é' | 'Á' > 'á' | 'L' > 'l' | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Wrong! The 1 (true value) in second result is a error! It has to be 0 (false) (sorting issue) Compare case insensitive collations ----------------------------------- mysql> set names cp1251 collate cp1251_general_ci; mysql> select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | '¸' = '¨' | 'é' = 'É' | 'z' = 'Z' | 'å' = '¸' | 'è' = 'é' | 'È' = 'É' | 'å' >= '¸' | 'Å' = '¨' | 'è' > 'é' | '¨' > '¸' | 'É' > 'é' | 'Á' > 'á' | 'L' > 'l' | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Correct mysql> set names utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; mysql> select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | '¸' = '¨' | 'é' = 'É' | 'z' = 'Z' | 'å' = '¸' | 'è' = 'é' | 'È' = 'É' | 'å' >= '¸' | 'Å' = '¨' | 'è' > 'é' | '¨' > '¸' | 'É' > 'é' | 'Á' > 'á' | 'L' > 'l' | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Wrong in columns (starting from 1): 1, 2, 7. First 3 columns have to be 1 and the rest - 0 mysql> set names utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci; mysql> select '¸' = '¨', 'é' = 'É', 'z' = 'Z', 'å' = '¸', 'è' = 'é', 'È' = 'É', 'å' >= '¸', 'Å' = '¨', 'è' > 'é', '¨' > '¸', 'É' > 'é', 'Á' > 'á', 'L' > 'l'; +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | '¸' = '¨' | 'é' = 'É' | 'z' = 'Z' | 'å' = '¸' | 'è' = 'é' | 'È' = 'É' | 'å' >= '¸' | 'Å' = '¨' | 'è' > 'é' | '¨' > '¸' | 'É' > 'é' | 'Á' > 'á' | 'L' > 'l' | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Wrong in columns (starting from 1): 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. First 3 columns have to be 1 and the rest - 0